An Exclusive Chip ID, or ECID is a 16-digit Hexadecimal number used to uniquely identify Apple iOS devices.[1]
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The ECID of a device is used by Apple, in combination with a hashcode of the firmware as a challenge key in a challenge-response authentication protocol. This authentication is done in order to perform digital signing on iOS software for the iPhone 3GS and later devices.[2] The response signature is known as an SHSH blob, and is required in order to perform a software restore on a given iDevice.
A device's ECID cannot be obtained from the Settings menu of the device. Indirect methods can be applied to force the device into disclosing its ECID. For example, the device can be placed in recovery mode and then queried while in that state from a connected Macintosh computer.[3]